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Sultan of Johor
Sultan of Johor is a hereditary seat and the nominal ruler of the Malaysian state of Johor. In the past, the sultan held absolute power over the state and was advised by a ''bendahara''. Nowadays, the role of ''bendahara'' has been taken over by chief minister.
==History==
The first sultan of Johor was Alauddin Riayat Shah II. He was the son of the last sultan of Malacca, Sultan Mahmud Shah. The scion of the Sultanate of Malacca in Johor ended with the death of Sultan Mahmud Shah II in 1699 and throne was taken over by Sultan Abdul Jalil IV. Abdul Jalil IV was a ''bendahara'' before the death of the sultan.
Though Johor has been ruled over by at least 20 sultans, the first sultan of modern Johor (Temenggong dynasty)〔Nadarajah, ''Johore and the Origins of British Control'', pg 44〕 was Sultan Abu Bakar who reigned from 1862 to 1895. He was the first person from the ''temenggung'' family to become the sultan in Johor's history. His father, Temenggung Ibrahim managed to consolidate enough power to disfranchise Sultan Ali who died in 1877.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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